Updated
Overview
France has 100 times the population of Luxembourg: 68.72 million people against 686,970 (2025).
France's economy is 33 times the size of Luxembourg's, at $3.37T versus $101.16B.
Per person, Luxembourg is the wealthier of the two: $147,252 against $48,986 in GDP per capita.
Population
GDP (nominal)
GDP per capita
The full table
| Indicator | France | Luxembourg | Years | Factbook, Jan 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economy | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | Higher: $3.37T | $101.16B | 2025 | $3.16T / $93.20B |
| GDP per capita | $48,986 | Higher: $147,252 | 2025 | — / — |
| GDP growth | Higher: 0.8% | 0.6% | 2025 | — / — |
| Inflation | Lower: 0.9% | 2.3% | 2025 | 2.0% / 2.1% |
| Unemployment | 7.5% | Lower: 6.3% | 2025 | — / — |
| Price level (US=100) | 77 | 94 | 2025 | — / — |
| Avg monthly earnings | $5,024 | Higher: $9,150 | 2025 | — / — |
| Minimum wage | $2,036 | Higher: $3,056 | 2025 | — / — |
| People | ||||
| Population | 68.72 million | 686,970 | 2025 | 68.51 million / 671,254 |
| Population growth | 0.2% | 1.5% | 2025 | — / — |
| Median age | 42.3 yrs | 39.5 yrs | 2025 | — / — |
| Fertility rate | 1.64 | 1.40 | 2025 | — / — |
| Life expectancy | 83.0 yrs | Higher: 83.2 yrs | 2024 | — / — |
| Urban population | 79% | 95% | 2025 | — / — |
| Internet users | 89% | Higher: 99% | 2024 / 2025 | — / — |
| Geography | ||||
| Area | 643,801 km² | 2,586 km² | — | — / — |
| Population density | 106.7/km² | 265.6/km² | 2025 | — / — |
| Environment | ||||
| CO2 emissions | 264 Mt | Lower: 7.04 Mt | 2024 | — / — |
| CO2 per capita | Lower: 4.0 t | 10.5 t | 2024 | — / — |
| Military | ||||
| Military spending | $64.68B | $871.64M | 2024 | — / — |
| Military spending (% GDP) | 2.1% | 1.0% | 2024 | — / — |
| Armed forces personnel | 304,000 | 1,000 | 2020 | — / — |
Sources by row: World Bank WDI, IMF WEO, UN WPP 2024, ILOSTAT, The Economist. Emphasis marks the stronger figure where one direction is meaningfully better.
Reading the numbers
Economy
Both economies are growing at a similar pace (0.8% for France, 0.6% for Luxembourg).
Inflation is comparable in both: 0.9% in France and 2.3% in Luxembourg.
Day-to-day prices are noticeably lower in France: a price level of 77 versus 94 on a US=100 scale.
Average monthly earnings favour Luxembourg: $9,150 against $5,024 (ILOSTAT, latest available years).
People and society
Luxembourg is the younger society: median age 39.5 versus 42.3 years.
Luxembourg is considerably more urbanized: 95% of people live in cities, against 79%.
Internet adoption is higher in Luxembourg (99% vs 89% of the population).
Geography
By land area, France is 249 times the size of Luxembourg: 643,801 km² versus 2,586 km².
The two share a land border, which shapes their trade, migration, and security relationship.
Luxembourg is far more densely settled: 266 people per km² against 107.
Military
France spends 74 times as much on defence as Luxembourg: $64.68B versus $871.64M (World Bank/SIPRI data).
Relative to its economy, France carries the heavier military burden: 2.1% of GDP versus 1.0%.
France fields the larger armed forces: 304,000 personnel against 1,000 (note: personnel data lags; observation years shown in the table).
Frequently asked
- Is France bigger than Luxembourg?
- France is larger by land area. France covers 643,801 km² while Luxembourg covers 2,586 km², so France is 249 times the size of the other.
- Which has more people, France or Luxembourg?
- France has the larger population: 68.72 million versus 686,970 (World Bank, 2025).
- Is France richer than Luxembourg?
- Measured by GDP per capita, Luxembourg is richer: $147,252 against $48,986. Total GDP tells a different story: $3.37T for France versus $101.16B for Luxembourg.
- Who spends more on their military, France or Luxembourg?
- France spends more: $64.68B versus $871.64M per year (World Bank, SIPRI-derived data; observation years vary).