Updated
Overview
Germany has 122 times the population of Luxembourg: 83.49 million people against 686,970 (2025).
Germany's economy is 50 times the size of Luxembourg's, at $5.05T versus $101.16B.
Per person, Luxembourg is the wealthier of the two: $147,252 against $60,496 in GDP per capita.
Population
GDP (nominal)
GDP per capita
The full table
| Indicator | Germany | Luxembourg | Years | Factbook, Jan 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economy | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | Higher: $5.05T | $101.16B | 2025 | $4.66T / $93.20B |
| GDP per capita | $60,496 | Higher: $147,252 | 2025 | — / — |
| GDP growth | 0.2% | Higher: 0.6% | 2025 | — / — |
| Inflation | Lower: 2.2% | 2.3% | 2025 | 2.3% / 2.1% |
| Unemployment | Lower: 3.7% | 6.3% | 2025 | — / — |
| Price level (US=100) | 80 | 94 | 2025 | — / — |
| Avg monthly earnings | $4,647 | Higher: $9,150 | 2022 / 2025 | — / — |
| Minimum wage | $2,442 | Higher: $3,056 | 2025 | — / — |
| People | ||||
| Population | 83.49 million | 686,970 | 2025 | 84.01 million / 671,254 |
| Population growth | 0.0% | 1.5% | 2025 | — / — |
| Median age | 45.5 yrs | 39.5 yrs | 2025 | — / — |
| Fertility rate | 1.46 | 1.40 | 2025 | — / — |
| Life expectancy | 80.8 yrs | Higher: 83.2 yrs | 2024 | — / — |
| Urban population | 82% | 95% | 2025 | — / — |
| Internet users | 93% | Higher: 99% | 2024 / 2025 | — / — |
| Geography | ||||
| Area | 357,114 km² | 2,586 km² | — | — / — |
| Population density | 233.8/km² | 265.6/km² | 2025 | — / — |
| Environment | ||||
| CO2 emissions | 572 Mt | Lower: 7.04 Mt | 2024 | — / — |
| CO2 per capita | Lower: 6.8 t | 10.5 t | 2024 | — / — |
| Military | ||||
| Military spending | $88.46B | $871.64M | 2024 | — / — |
| Military spending (% GDP) | 1.9% | 1.0% | 2024 | — / — |
| Armed forces personnel | 183,000 | 1,000 | 2020 | — / — |
Sources by row: World Bank WDI, IMF WEO, UN WPP 2024, ILOSTAT, The Economist. Emphasis marks the stronger figure where one direction is meaningfully better.
Reading the numbers
Economy
Both economies are growing at a similar pace (0.2% for Germany, 0.6% for Luxembourg).
Inflation is comparable in both: 2.2% in Germany and 2.3% in Luxembourg.
Day-to-day prices are noticeably lower in Germany: a price level of 80 versus 94 on a US=100 scale.
Average monthly earnings favour Luxembourg: $9,150 against $4,647 (ILOSTAT, latest available years).
People and society
Luxembourg is the younger society: median age 39.5 versus 45.5 years.
Life expectancy is 2.4 years longer in Luxembourg (83.2 vs 80.8).
Luxembourg is considerably more urbanized: 95% of people live in cities, against 82%.
Geography
By land area, Germany is 138 times the size of Luxembourg: 357,114 km² versus 2,586 km².
The two share a land border, which shapes their trade, migration, and security relationship.
Military
Germany spends 101 times as much on defence as Luxembourg: $88.46B versus $871.64M (World Bank/SIPRI data).
Relative to its economy, Germany carries the heavier military burden: 1.9% of GDP versus 1.0%.
Germany fields the larger armed forces: 183,000 personnel against 1,000 (note: personnel data lags; observation years shown in the table).
Frequently asked
- Is Germany bigger than Luxembourg?
- Germany is larger by land area. Germany covers 357,114 km² while Luxembourg covers 2,586 km², so Germany is 138 times the size of the other.
- Which has more people, Germany or Luxembourg?
- Germany has the larger population: 83.49 million versus 686,970 (World Bank, 2025).
- Is Germany richer than Luxembourg?
- Measured by GDP per capita, Luxembourg is richer: $147,252 against $60,496. Total GDP tells a different story: $5.05T for Germany versus $101.16B for Luxembourg.
- Who spends more on their military, Germany or Luxembourg?
- Germany spends more: $88.46B versus $871.64M per year (World Bank, SIPRI-derived data; observation years vary).