Updated
Overview
Turkey (Türkiye) has 2.4 times the population of Poland: 85.88 million people against 36.44 million (2025).
Turkey (Türkiye)'s economy is about 55% larger than Poland's, at $1.60T versus $1.04T.
Per person, Poland is the wealthier of the two: $28,420 against $18,599 in GDP per capita.
Population
GDP (nominal)
GDP per capita
The full table
| Indicator | Turkey (Türkiye) | Poland | Years | Factbook, Jan 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economy | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | Higher: $1.60T | $1.04T | 2025 | $1.32T / $914.70B |
| GDP per capita | $18,599 | Higher: $28,420 | 2025 | — / — |
| GDP growth | Higher: 3.6% | 3.6% | 2025 | — / — |
| Inflation | 34.9% | Lower: 3.8% | 2025 | 58.5% / 3.8% |
| Unemployment | 8.5% | Lower: 3.0% | 2025 | — / — |
| Price level (US=100) | 41 | 52 | 2025 | — / — |
| Avg monthly earnings | $1,001 | Higher: $2,302 | 2025 | — / — |
| Minimum wage | $659 | Higher: $1,241 | 2025 | — / — |
| Big Mac price | $6.91 | $6.22 | — | — / — |
| People | ||||
| Population | 85.88 million | 36.44 million | 2025 | 84.63 million / 38.75 million |
| Population growth | 0.4% | -0.3% | 2025 | — / — |
| Median age | 33.5 yrs | 42.5 yrs | 2025 | — / — |
| Fertility rate | 1.62 | 1.31 | 2025 | — / — |
| Life expectancy | 77.4 yrs | Higher: 78.4 yrs | 2024 | — / — |
| Urban population | 89% | 60% | 2025 | — / — |
| Internet users | Higher: 90% | 89% | 2025 / 2024 | — / — |
| Geography | ||||
| Area | 783,562 km² | 312,679 km² | — | — / — |
| Population density | 109.6/km² | 116.5/km² | 2025 | — / — |
| Environment | ||||
| CO2 emissions | 513 Mt | Lower: 273 Mt | 2024 | — / — |
| CO2 per capita | Lower: 5.9 t | 7.1 t | 2024 | — / — |
| Military | ||||
| Military spending | $24.98B | $38.00B | 2024 | — / — |
| Military spending (% GDP) | 1.9% | 4.2% | 2024 | — / — |
| Armed forces personnel | 512,000 | 189,000 | 2020 | — / — |
Sources by row: World Bank WDI, IMF WEO, UN WPP 2024, ILOSTAT, The Economist. Emphasis marks the stronger figure where one direction is meaningfully better.
Reading the numbers
Economy
Both economies are growing at a similar pace (3.6% for Turkey (Türkiye), 3.6% for Poland).
Inflation is a serious concern in Turkey (Türkiye) at 34.9%, while the other economy sits at 3.8%.
Day-to-day prices are noticeably lower in Turkey (Türkiye): a price level of 41 versus 52 on a US=100 scale.
Average monthly earnings favour Poland: $2,302 against $1,001 (ILOSTAT, latest available years).
People and society
Turkey (Türkiye) is the far younger society: median age 33.5 versus 42.5 years.
Turkey (Türkiye) is considerably more urbanized: 89% of people live in cities, against 60%.
Geography
By land area, Turkey (Türkiye) is 2.5 times the size of Poland: 783,562 km² versus 312,679 km².
Military
Poland spends about 50% more on defence than Turkey (Türkiye): $38.00B versus $24.98B (World Bank/SIPRI data).
Relative to its economy, Poland carries the heavier military burden: 4.2% of GDP versus 1.9%.
Turkey (Türkiye) fields the larger armed forces: 512,000 personnel against 189,000 (note: personnel data lags; observation years shown in the table).
Frequently asked
- Is Turkey (Türkiye) bigger than Poland?
- Turkey (Türkiye) is larger by land area. Turkey (Türkiye) covers 783,562 km² while Poland covers 312,679 km², so Turkey (Türkiye) is 2.5 times the size of the other.
- Which has more people, Turkey (Türkiye) or Poland?
- Turkey (Türkiye) has the larger population: 85.88 million versus 36.44 million (World Bank, 2025).
- Is Turkey (Türkiye) richer than Poland?
- Measured by GDP per capita, Poland is richer: $28,420 against $18,599. Total GDP tells a different story: $1.60T for Turkey (Türkiye) versus $1.04T for Poland.
- Who spends more on their military, Turkey (Türkiye) or Poland?
- Poland spends more: $38.00B versus $24.98B per year (World Bank, SIPRI-derived data; observation years vary).
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