Updated
Overview
Romania has about 75% more people than Czechia (Czech Republic): 19.02 million against 10.89 million (2025).
Their economies are close in size: $428.68B for Romania and $391.03B for Czechia (Czech Republic).
Per person, Czechia (Czech Republic) is the wealthier of the two: $35,917 against $22,538 in GDP per capita.
Population
GDP (nominal)
GDP per capita
The full table
| Indicator | Romania | Czechia (Czech Republic) | Years | Factbook, Jan 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economy | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | Higher: $428.68B | $391.03B | 2025 | $382.77B / $345.04B |
| GDP per capita | $22,538 | Higher: $35,917 | 2025 | — / — |
| GDP growth | 0.7% | Higher: 2.6% | 2025 | — / — |
| Inflation | 7.2% | Lower: 2.5% | 2025 | 5.7% / 2.4% |
| Unemployment | 6.0% | Lower: 2.8% | 2025 | — / — |
| Price level (US=100) | 44 | 59 | 2025 | — / — |
| Avg monthly earnings | $1,722 | Higher: $2,716 | 2025 | — / — |
| Minimum wage | $906 | Higher: $951 | 2025 | — / — |
| Big Mac price | $4.01 | $5.43 | — | — / — |
| People | ||||
| Population | 19.02 million | 10.89 million | 2025 | 18.15 million / 10.84 million |
| Population growth | -0.2% | -0.2% | 2025 | — / — |
| Median age | 43.2 yrs | 43.8 yrs | 2025 | — / — |
| Fertility rate | 1.71 | 1.47 | 2025 | — / — |
| Life expectancy | 76.5 yrs | Higher: 80.0 yrs | 2024 | — / — |
| Urban population | 52% | 73% | 2025 | — / — |
| Internet users | Higher: 91% | 88% | 2024 | — / — |
| Geography | ||||
| Area | 238,391 km² | 78,865 km² | — | — / — |
| Population density | 79.8/km² | 138.0/km² | 2025 | — / — |
| Environment | ||||
| CO2 emissions | Lower: 69 Mt | 76 Mt | 2024 | — / — |
| CO2 per capita | Lower: 3.6 t | 7.0 t | 2024 | — / — |
| Military | ||||
| Military spending | $8.72B | $6.52B | 2024 | — / — |
| Military spending (% GDP) | 2.3% | 1.9% | 2024 | — / — |
| Armed forces personnel | 128,000 | 27,000 | 2020 | — / — |
Sources by row: World Bank WDI, IMF WEO, UN WPP 2024, ILOSTAT, The Economist. Emphasis marks the stronger figure where one direction is meaningfully better.
Reading the numbers
Economy
Czechia (Czech Republic) is growing faster: 2.6% annual GDP growth versus 0.7%.
Romania runs the hotter price environment: 7.2% inflation versus 2.5%.
Day-to-day prices are noticeably lower in Romania: a price level of 44 versus 59 on a US=100 scale.
Average monthly earnings favour Czechia (Czech Republic): $2,716 against $1,722 (ILOSTAT, latest available years).
People and society
Demographically the two are similar, with median ages of 43.2 (Romania) and 43.8 (Czechia (Czech Republic)).
Life expectancy is 3.5 years longer in Czechia (Czech Republic) (80.0 vs 76.5).
Czechia (Czech Republic) is considerably more urbanized: 73% of people live in cities, against 52%.
Geography
By land area, Romania is 3.0 times the size of Czechia (Czech Republic): 238,391 km² versus 78,865 km².
Both sit in the same broad region but do not share a border.
Military
Romania spends 34% more on defence than Czechia (Czech Republic): $8.72B versus $6.52B (World Bank/SIPRI data).
Romania fields the larger armed forces: 128,000 personnel against 27,000 (note: personnel data lags; observation years shown in the table).
Frequently asked
- Is Romania bigger than Czechia (Czech Republic)?
- Romania is larger by land area. Romania covers 238,391 km² while Czechia (Czech Republic) covers 78,865 km², so Romania is 3.0 times the size of the other.
- Which has more people, Romania or Czechia (Czech Republic)?
- Romania has the larger population: 19.02 million versus 10.89 million (World Bank, 2025).
- Is Romania richer than Czechia (Czech Republic)?
- Measured by GDP per capita, Czechia (Czech Republic) is richer: $35,917 against $22,538. Total GDP tells a different story: $428.68B for Romania versus $391.03B for Czechia (Czech Republic).
- Who spends more on their military, Romania or Czechia (Czech Republic)?
- Romania spends more: $8.72B versus $6.52B per year (World Bank, SIPRI-derived data; observation years vary).
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