Tunisia
Tunisian Republic
Updated
Population
12.35 million
2025 · World Bank
GDP
$57.50B
2025 · World Bank
GDP per capita
$4,657
2025 · World Bank
Area
163,610 km²
mledoze/countries reference dataset
Capital
Tunis
Median age
32.9 yrs
2025 · UN WPP
Location
- Capital
- Tunis
- Region
- Africa
- Subregion
- Northern Africa
- Area
- 163,610 km²
- Neighbours
- 2
- Languages
- Arabic
Leadership
- Head of state
- Kais Saied
- In office since October 23, 2019
- Head of government
- Sarra Zaafrani
- In office since March 21, 2025
Wikidata (CC0), checked August 11, 2026. Frozen Factbook mirrors still list the officeholders of January 2026.
Then and now
The CIA World Factbook stopped updating in January 2026. This is what has changed since its final edition.
| Indicator | Factbook, final edition | Current | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 11,962,9952025 | 12,348,5732025 | +3.2% |
| GDP (nominal) | $53.41B2024 | $57.50B2025 | +7.7% |
| Inflation rate | 7.2%2024 | 5.2%2025 | -2.0 pp |
Trends since 2000
9.76 million (2000) 12.35 million (2025)
$21.47B (2000) $57.50B (2025)
$2,199 (2000) $4,657 (2025)
3.0% (2000) 5.2% (2025)
World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0).
6 facts about Tunisia
- 01 Tunisia ranks 80 of 238 in population, with 12.35 million people as of 2025.
- 02 Its economy produced $57.50B in 2025, or $4,657 per person.
- 03 It shares land borders with 2 neighbours: Algeria, Libya.
- 04 Population has grown 26% since 2000, from 9.76 million to 12.35 million.
- 05 Prices sit at about 29% of United States levels (World Bank PPP data, 2024).
- 06 77% of the population uses the internet (2024).
Reference
- Languages
- Arabic
- Currency
- Tunisian dinar (TND)
- Calling code
- +216
- Internet TLD
- .tn
- Demonym
- Tunisian
- ISO codes
- TN · TUN · 788
Compare Tunisia
The Factbook archive 150 fields · 12 categories
The complete World Factbook entry for Tunisia: 150 fields and 266 sub-entries across 12 categories, kept whole as historical reference. A United States Government work in the public domain, reflecting data as of the final January 2026 edition; the live figures above supersede the fast-moving numbers in it. Last CIA update: January 19, 2026.
Introduction 1 field
- Background
- Many empires have controlled Tunisia, including the Phoenicians (as early as the 12 century B.C.), Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, various Arab and Berber kingdoms, and Ottomans (16th to late-19th centuries). Rivalry between French and Italian interests in Tunisia culminated in a French invasion in 1881 and the creation of a protectorate. Agitation for independence in the decades after World War I finally convinced the French to recognize Tunisia as an independent state in 1956. The country's first president, Habib BOURGUIBA, established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women. In 1987, Zine el Abidine BEN ALI replaced BOURGUIBA in a bloodless coup.
Street protests that began in Tunis in 2010 over high unemployment, corruption, widespread poverty, and high food prices escalated in 2011, culminating in rioting that led to hundreds of deaths and later became known as the start of the regional Arab Spring uprising. BEN ALI dismissed the government and fled the country, and a "national unity government" was formed. Elections for the new Constituent Assembly were held later that year, and human rights activist Moncef MARZOUKI was elected as interim president. The Assembly began drafting a new constitution in 2012 and, after several iterations and a months-long political crisis that stalled the transition, ratified the document in 2014. Parliamentary and presidential elections for a permanent government were held at the end of 2014. Beji CAID ESSEBSI was elected as the first president under the country's new constitution. After ESSEBSI’s death in office in 2019, Kais SAIED was elected. SAIED's term, as well as that of Tunisia's 217-member parliament, was set to expire in 2024. However, in 2021, SAIED used the exceptional powers allowed under Tunisia's constitution to dismiss the prime minister and suspend the legislature. Tunisians approved a new constitution through public referendum in 2022, expanding presidential powers and creating a new bicameral legislature.
Geography 18 fields
- Location
- Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya
- Geographic coordinates
- 34 00 N, 9 00 E
- Map references
- Africa
- Area
- total: 163,610 sq kmland: 155,360 sq kmwater: 8,250 sq km
- Area - comparative
- slightly larger than Georgia
- Land boundaries
- total: 1,495 kmborder countries: Algeria 1,034 km; Libya 461 km
- Coastline
- 1,148 km
- Maritime claims
- territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 12 nm
- Climate
- temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south
- Terrain
- mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara
- Elevation
- highest point: Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 mlowest point: Shatt al Gharsah -17 mmean elevation: 246 m
- Natural resources
- petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt
- Land use
- agricultural land: 62.4% (2023 est.)agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 18.2% (2023 est.)agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 13.6% (2023 est.)agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 30.6% (2023 est.)forest: 4.5% (2023 est.)other: 33.1% (2023 est.)
- Irrigated land
- 3,920 sq km (2013)
- Major aquifers
- North Western Sahara Aquifer System
- Population distribution
- the overwhelming majority of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the south remains largely underpopulated, as shown in this population distribution map
- Natural hazards
- flooding; earthquakes; droughts
- Geography - note
- strategic location in central Mediterranean
People and Society 35 fields
- Population
- total: 11,962,995 (2025 est.)male: 5,926,741female: 6,036,254
- Nationality
- noun: Tunisian(s)adjective: Tunisian
- Ethnic groups
- Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%
- Languages
- Languages: Arabic (official, one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce), Tamazightmajor-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن كتاب تتعلم به المعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. - Religions
- Muslim (official; Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Shia Muslim, and Baha'i) <1%
- Age structure
- 0-14 years: 24.4% (male 1,516,871/female 1,426,522)15-64 years: 65.2% (male 3,861,731/female 3,990,802)65 years and over: 10.4% (2024 est.) (male 593,640/female 659,281)
- Dependency ratios
- total dependency ratio: 50.7 (2025 est.)youth dependency ratio: 35.6 (2025 est.)elderly dependency ratio: 15.1 (2025 est.)potential support ratio: 6.6 (2025 est.)
- Median age
- total: 34.1 years (2025 est.)male: 33.6 yearsfemale: 35.1 years
- Population growth rate
- 0.38% (2025 est.)
- Birth rate
- 11.35 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- Death rate
- 6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- Net migration rate
- -1.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- Population distribution
- the overwhelming majority of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the south remains largely underpopulated, as shown in this population distribution map
- Urbanization
- urban population: 70.5% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- Major urban areas - population
- 2.475 million TUNIS (capital) (2023)
- Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
- Maternal mortality ratio
- 36 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
- Infant mortality rate
- total: 10.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)male: 12.7 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 9.8 deaths/1,000 live births
- Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 77.3 years (2024 est.)male: 75.7 yearsfemale: 79.1 years
- Total fertility rate
- 1.59 children born/woman (2025 est.)
- Gross reproduction rate
- 0.77 (2025 est.)
- Drinking water source
- improved: urban: urban: 98.8% of population (2022 est.)improved: rural: rural: 93.4% of population (2022 est.)improved: total: total: 97.2% of population (2022 est.)unimproved: urban: urban: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)unimproved: rural: rural: 6.6% of population (2022 est.)unimproved: total: total: 2.8% of population (2022 est.)
- Health expenditure
- Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 7% of GDP (2021)Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 11.2% of national budget (2022 est.)
- Physician density
- 1.32 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
- Hospital bed density
- 2.4 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
- Sanitation facility access
- improved: urban: urban: 98.8% of population (2022 est.)improved: rural: rural: 99.4% of population (2022 est.)improved: total: total: 99% of population (2022 est.)unimproved: urban: urban: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)unimproved: rural: rural: 0.6% of population (2022 est.)unimproved: total: total: 1% of population (2022 est.)
- Obesity - adult prevalence rate
- 26.9% (2016)
- Alcohol consumption per capita
- total: 1.51 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)beer: 0.99 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)wine: 0.32 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)spirits: 0.17 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)other alcohols: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- Tobacco use
- total: 19% (2025 est.)male: 37.6% (2025 est.)female: 1.4% (2025 est.)
- Children under the age of 5 years underweight
- 1.6% (2018 est.)
- Currently married women (ages 15-49)
- 52.5% (2023 est.)
- Child marriage
- women married by age 15: 0% (2018)women married by age 18: 1.5% (2018)men married by age 18: 0% (2018)
- Education expenditure
- Education expenditure (% GDP): 6.7% of GDP (2023 est.)Education expenditure (% national budget): 17.3% national budget (2025 est.)
- Literacy
- total population: 86.2% (2023 est.)male: 92.7% (2023 est.)female: 80.1% (2023 est.)
- School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
- total: 14 years (2016 est.)male: 14 years (2016 est.)female: 15 years (2016 est.)
Environment 11 fields
- Environmental issues
- toxic and hazardous waste disposal; water pollution from raw sewage; limited freshwater resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
- International environmental agreements
- party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
- Climate
- temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south
- Land use
- agricultural land: 62.4% (2023 est.)agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 18.2% (2023 est.)agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 13.6% (2023 est.)agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 30.6% (2023 est.)forest: 4.5% (2023 est.)other: 33.1% (2023 est.)
- Urbanization
- urban population: 70.5% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- Carbon dioxide emissions
- total emissions: 24.645 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)from coal and metallurgical coke: 4,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)from petroleum and other liquids: 14.249 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)from consumed natural gas: 10.392 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- Particulate matter emissions
- 26.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
- Methane emissions
- energy: 88 kt (2022-2024 est.)agriculture: 94.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)waste: 97.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)other: 3 kt (2019-2021 est.)
- Waste and recycling
- municipal solid waste generated annually: 2.7 million tons (2024 est.)percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 10.9% (2022 est.)
- Total water withdrawal
- municipal: 815.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.)industrial: 61.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.)agricultural: 2.71 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
- Total renewable water resources
- 4.615 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Government 25 fields
- Country name
- conventional long form: Republic of Tunisiaconventional short form: Tunisialocal long form: Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyahlocal short form: Tunisetymology: the country name derives from the capital city of Tunis
- Government type
- parliamentary republic
- Capital
- name: Tunisgeographic coordinates: 36 48 N, 10 11 Etime difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: the origin of the ancient name is unclear; it is sometimes associated with the name of the Phoenician goddess Tanith
- Administrative divisions
- 24 governorates (wilayat, singular - wilayah); Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Kef (Al Kaf), L'Ariana (Aryanah), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Manouba (Manubah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bouzid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)
- Legal system
- mixed system of civil law, based on the French civil code and Islamic (sharia) law; Supreme Court reviews some legislative acts in joint session
- Constitution
- history: several previous; latest draft published by the president 30 June 2022, approved by referendum 25 July 2022, and adopted 27 July 2022amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or one third of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People membership; following Constitutional Court review, approval to proceed requires an absolute majority vote in the Assembly, and final passage requires a two-thirds Assembly majority vote; the president can opt to submit an amendment to a referendum, which requires an absolute majority of votes cast for passage
- International law organization participation
- has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
- Citizenship
- citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tunisiadual citizenship recognized: yesresidency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
- Suffrage
- 18 years of age; universal except for active government security forces (including the police and the military), people with mental disabilities, people who have served more than three months in prison (criminal cases only), and people given a suspended sentence of more than six months
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Kais SAIED (since 23 October 2019)head of government: Prime Minister Sarra ZAAFRANI Zenzri (since 21 March 2025)cabinet: prime minister appointed by the president; cabinet members appointed by the president in consultation with the prime ministerelection/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)most recent election date: 6 October 2024election results:
2024: Kais SAIED reelected president in first round - Kais SAIED (independent) 90.7%, Ayachi ZAMMEL (Long Live Tunisia) 7.3%, Zouhair MAGHZAOUI (People's Movement) 2%
2019: Kais SAIED elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Kais SAIED (independent) 18.4%, Nabil KAROUI (Heart of Tunisia) 15.6%, Abdelfattah MOUROU (Nahda Movement) 12.9%, Abdelkrim ZBIDI (independent) 10.7%, Youssef CHAHED (Long Live Tunisia) 7.4%, Safi SAID (independent) 7.1%, Lotfi MRAIHI (Republican People's Union) 6.6%, other 21.3%; percent of vote in second round - Kais SAIED 72.7%, Nabil KAROUI 27.3%expected date of next election: 2029 - Legislative branch
- legislative structure: bicameral
- Legislative branch - lower chamber
- chamber name: Assembly of People's Representatives (Majlis Nawwab ash-Sha'ab)number of seats: 161 (all directly elected)electoral system: plurality/majorityscope of elections: full renewalterm in office: 5 yearsmost recent election date: 12/17/2022 to 1/29/2023percentage of women in chamber: 15.8%expected date of next election: December 2027
- Legislative branch - upper chamber
- chamber name: National Council of Regions and Districtsnumber of seats: 77 (all indirectly elected)scope of elections: full renewalterm in office: 5 yearsmost recent election date: 4/19/2024percentage of women in chamber: 13%expected date of next election: April 2029
- Judicial branch
- highest court(s): Court of Cassation (consists of the first president, chamber presidents, and magistrates; organized into 27 civil and 11 criminal chambers)judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the Supreme Judicial Council, an independent 4-part body consisting mainly of elected judges and the remainder legal specialists; judge tenure based on terms of appointment; Constitutional Court (established in the 2014 and 2022 constitutions, but never implemented)subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; administrative courts; Court of Audit; Housing Court; courts of first instance; lower district courts; military courts
- Political parties
- Afek Tounes
Al Badil Al-Tounisi (The Tunisian Alternative)
Al-Amal Party
Call for Tunisia Party (Nidaa Tounes)
Current of Love (formerly the Popular Petition party)
Democratic Current
Democratic Patriots' Unified Party
Dignity Coalition or Al Karama Coalition
Ennahda Movement (The Renaissance)
Ettakatol Party
Free Destourian Party or PDL
Green Tunisia Party
Harakat Hak
Heart of Tunisia (Qalb Tounes)
July 25 Movement
Labor and Achievement Party
Long Live Tunisia (Tahya Tounes)
Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS
National Coalition Party
National Salvation Front
New Carthage Party
Party of the Democratic Arab Vanguard
People's Movement
Republican Party (Al Joumhouri)
The Movement Party (Hizb Harak)
Third Republic Party
Tunisian Ba'ath Movement
Voice of the Republic
Workers' Party
note: President SAIED in 2022 issued a decree that forbids political parties' participation in legislative elections; although parties remain a facet of Tunisian political life, they have lost significant influence - Diplomatic representation in the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Anis HAJRI (since 1 August 2025)chancery: 1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005telephone: [1] (202) 862-1850FAX: [1] (202) 862-1858email address and website:
[email protected]
https://www.tunisianembassy.org/ - Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador Bill BAZZI (since 21 November 2025)embassy: Les Berges du Lac, 1053 Tunismailing address: 6360 Tunis Place, Washington DC 20521-6360telephone: [216] 71-107-000FAX: [216] 71-107-090email address and website:
[email protected]
https://tn.usembassy.gov/ - International organization participation
- ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AIIB, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
- Independence
- 20 March 1956 (from France)
- National holiday
- Independence Day, 20 March (1956); Revolution and Youth Day, 14 January (2011)
- Flag
- description: red with a white disk in the center that displays a red crescent around a five-pointed red star
meaning: red stands for martyrs' blood shed the fight against oppression, and white for peace; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islam
history: resembles the Ottoman flag (red banner with white crescent and star), a reference to Tunisia's history as part of the Ottoman Empire - National symbol(s)
- red crescent moon and five-pointed star in a white circle
- National color(s)
- red, white
- National anthem(s)
- title: "Humat Al Hima" (Defenders of the Homeland)lyrics/music: Mustafa Sadik AL-RAFII and Aboul-Qacem ECHEBBI/Mohamad Abdel WAHABhistory: adopted 1957, replaced 1958, restored 1987; Mohamad Abdel WAHAB also composed the music for the anthem of the United Arab Emirates
- National heritage
- total World Heritage Sites: 9 (8 cultural, 1 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Amphitheatre of El Jem (c); Archaeological Site of Carthage (c); Medina of Tunis (c); Ichkeul National Park (n); Punic Town of Kerkuane (c); Kairouan (c); Medina of Sousse (c); Dougga / Thugga (c); Djerba: Testimony to a settlement pattern in an island territory (c)
Economy 31 fields
- Economic overview
- lower middle-income North African economy; drafting reforms for foreign lenders; high unemployment, especially for youth and women; hit hard by COVID-19; high public sector wages; high public debt; protectionist austerity measures; key EU trade partner
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $156.086 billion (2024 est.)Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $154.006 billion (2023 est.)Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $153.945 billion (2022 est.)
- Real GDP growth rate
- Real GDP growth rate 2024: 1.4% (2024 est.)Real GDP growth rate 2023: 0% (2023 est.)Real GDP growth rate 2022: 2.7% (2022 est.)
- Real GDP per capita
- Real GDP per capita 2024: $12,700 (2024 est.)Real GDP per capita 2023: $12,600 (2023 est.)Real GDP per capita 2022: $12,700 (2022 est.)
- GDP (official exchange rate)
- $53.41 billion (2024 est.)
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate - Inflation rate (consumer prices)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 7.2% (2024 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 9.3% (2023 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 8.3% (2022 est.)
- GDP - composition, by sector of origin
- agriculture: 9.3% (2023 est.)industry: 23.6% (2023 est.)services: 62.1% (2023 est.)
- GDP - composition, by end use
- household consumption: 76.2% (2024 est.)government consumption: 18.6% (2024 est.)investment in fixed capital: 13.4% (2024 est.)investment in inventories: 0% (2024 est.)exports of goods and services: 48.4% (2024 est.)imports of goods and services: -56.6% (2024 est.)
- Agricultural products
- milk, tomatoes, olives, onions, chillies/peppers, watermelons, potatoes, wheat, dates, oranges (2023)
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage - Industries
- petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate, iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages
- Industrial production growth rate
- -2.5% (2024 est.)
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency - Labor force
- 4.247 million (2024 est.)
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work - Unemployment rate
- Unemployment rate 2024: 16.3% (2024 est.)Unemployment rate 2023: 15.2% (2023 est.)Unemployment rate 2022: 15.3% (2022 est.)
- Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
- total: 40.1% (2024 est.)male: 41.1% (2024 est.)female: 37.6% (2024 est.)
- Population below poverty line
- 16.6% (2021 est.)
note: % of population with income below national poverty line - Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
- Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021: 33.7 (2021 est.)
- Average household expenditures
- on food: 22.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)on alcohol and tobacco: 3.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
- Household income or consumption by percentage share
- lowest 10%: 3.1% (2021 est.)highest 10%: 27% (2021 est.)
- Remittances
- Remittances 2023: 6% of GDP (2023 est.)Remittances 2022: 6.2% of GDP (2022 est.)Remittances 2021: 6.3% of GDP (2021 est.)
- Budget
- revenues: $10.866 billion (2019 est.)expenditures: $12.375 billion (2019 est.)
- Public debt
- Public debt 2016: 62.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
- Current account balance
- Current account balance 2023: -$1.111 billion (2023 est.)Current account balance 2022: -$3.969 billion (2022 est.)Current account balance 2021: -$2.77 billion (2021 est.)
- Exports
- Exports 2023: $19.732 billion (2023 est.)Exports 2022: $17.254 billion (2022 est.)Exports 2021: $14.054 billion (2021 est.)
- Exports - partners
- France 22%, Italy 17%, Germany 13%, USA 4%, Libya 4% (2023)
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports - Exports - commodities
- garments, insulated wire, olive oil, refined petroleum, crude petroleum (2023)
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars - Imports
- Imports 2023: $21.953 billion (2023 est.)Imports 2022: $22.453 billion (2022 est.)Imports 2021: $18.178 billion (2021 est.)
- Imports - partners
- Italy 13%, France 12%, China 10%, Russia 8%, Germany 7% (2023)
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports - Imports - commodities
- refined petroleum, natural gas, plastic products, cars, plastics (2023)
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
- Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $9.344 billion (2024 est.)Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $9.24 billion (2023 est.)Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $8.094 billion (2022 est.)
- Debt - external
- Debt - external 2023: $21.212 billion (2023 est.)
- Exchange rates
- Currency: Tunisian dinars (TND) per US dollar -Exchange rates 2024: 3.107 (2024 est.)Exchange rates 2023: 3.106 (2023 est.)Exchange rates 2022: 3.104 (2022 est.)Exchange rates 2021: 2.794 (2021 est.)Exchange rates 2020: 2.812 (2020 est.)
Energy 7 fields
- Electricity access
- electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)electrification - urban areas: 100%electrification - rural areas: 99.7%
- Electricity
- installed generating capacity: 6.639 million kW (2023 est.)consumption: 19.153 billion kWh (2023 est.)exports: 80 million kWh (2023 est.)imports: 2.576 billion kWh (2023 est.)transmission/distribution losses: 4.629 billion kWh (2023 est.)
- Electricity generation sources
- fossil fuels: 96.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)solar: 2.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)wind: 1.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
- Coal
- consumption: 2,000 metric tons (2022 est.)exports: 28 metric tons (2023 est.)imports: 3,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
- Petroleum
- total petroleum production: 35,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)refined petroleum consumption: 104,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)crude oil estimated reserves: 425 million barrels (2021 est.)
- Natural gas
- production: 1.313 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)consumption: 5.131 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)imports: 3.887 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)proven reserves: 65.129 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
- Energy consumption per capita
- Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 33.754 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Communications 6 fields
- Telephones - fixed lines
- total subscriptions: 1.863 million (2023 est.)subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 15 (2023 est.)
- Telephones - mobile cellular
- total subscriptions: 14.4 million (2024 est.)subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 118 (2024 est.)
- Broadcast media
- 2 state-owned TV stations; 10 private local TV stations; satellite TV service available; state-owned radio network with 2 stations; several dozen private radio stations and community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available (2019)
- Internet country code
- .tn
- Internet users
- percent of population: 72% (2023 est.)
- Broadband - fixed subscriptions
- total: 1.73 million (2023 est.)subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2023 est.)
Transportation 6 fields
- Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
- TS
- Airports
- 14 (2025)
- Heliports
- 11 (2025)
- Railways
- total: 2,173 km (2014) (1,991 in use)standard gauge: 471 km (2014) 1.435-m gaugenarrow gauge: 1,694 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified)dual gauge: 8 km (2014) 1.435-1.000-m gauge
- Merchant marine
- total: 72 (2023)by type: container ship 1, general cargo 8, oil tanker 1, other 62
- Ports
- total ports: 16 (2024)large: 0medium: 3small: 7very small: 6ports with oil terminals: 10key ports: Ashtart Oil Terminal, Banzart, Didon Terminal, Gabes, La Goulette, Menzel Bourguiba, Mersa Sfax, Sousse, Tazerka Oil Terminal, Tunis
Military and Security 7 fields
- Military and security forces
- Tunisian Armed Forces (Forces Armées Tunisiennes, FAT): Tunisian Army (includes Air Defense Force), Tunisian Navy, Tunisia Air Force
Ministry of Interior (MoI): Internal Security Forces (National Police, National Guard) (2025)
note: the National Police has primary responsibility for law enforcement in the major cities, while the National Guard (gendarmerie) oversees border security and patrols smaller towns and rural areas - Military expenditures
- Military Expenditures 2024: 2.5% of GDP (2024 est.)Military Expenditures 2023: 2.5% of GDP (2023 est.)Military Expenditures 2022: 2.7% of GDP (2022 est.)Military Expenditures 2021: 3% of GDP (2021 est.)Military Expenditures 2020: 3% of GDP (2020 est.)
- Military and security service personnel strengths
- approximately 35,000 active-duty Armed Forces (2025)
- Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
- the Tunisian military's inventory consists mostly of older or secondhand equipment from a variety of suppliers, including Austria, France, Italy, Türkiye, and the US (2025)
- Military service age and obligation
- 18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; men 20-35 years of age subject to 12 months of compulsory national service (2025)
note: compulsory national service may be in the Armed Forces or other government ministries as needed - Military deployments
- 840 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (2025)
- Military - note
- the Tunisian Armed Forces (FAT) are responsible for territorial defense and internal security; operational areas of focus include counterterrorism and assisting with securing the border regions, particularly along the frontiers with Algerian and Libya
the FAT conducts bilateral and multinational training exercises with a variety of countries, including Algeria and other North African and Middle Eastern countries, France, and the US, as well as NATO; it also participates in UN peacekeeping operations; Tunisia has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2025)
Terrorism 1 field
- Terrorist group(s)
- Ansar al-Sharia in Tunisia; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) network in Tunisia (known locally as Ajnad al-Khilafah or the Army of the Caliphate); al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb
note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
Transnational Issues 2 fields
- Refugees and internally displaced persons
- refugees: 12,575 (2024 est.)
- Trafficking in persons
- tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Tunisia was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/tunisia
Frequently asked
- What is the population of Tunisia in 2025?
- Tunisia has a population of 12.35 million (12,348,573) according to World Bank, World Development Indicators data for 2025.
- What is the capital of Tunisia?
- The capital of Tunisia is Tunis.
- How large is the economy of Tunisia?
- Tunisia's GDP is $57.50B (2025, World Bank, World Development Indicators), which is $4,657 per capita.
- Who leads Tunisia?
- Head of state: Kais Saied (since October 23, 2019). Head of government: Sarra Zaafrani (since March 21, 2025). Source: Wikidata, checked August 11, 2026.
Tunisia