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Sweden

Kingdom of Sweden

Updated

Population

10.60 million

2025 · World Bank

GDP

$669.00B

2025 · World Bank

GDP per capita

$63,133

2025 · World Bank

Area

450,295 km²

mledoze/countries reference dataset

Capital

Stockholm

Median age

40.3 yrs

2025 · UN WPP

Location

CIA World Factbook map of Sweden, showing major cities, rivers and neighbouring countries
Map from The World Factbook, final edition. Public domain (17 U.S.C. § 105); boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative.
Capital
Stockholm
Region
Europe
Subregion
Northern Europe
Area
450,295 km²
Neighbours
2
Languages
Swedish
#93 of 238 in population #26 of 222 in GDP #57 of 252 in area #19 of 213 in GDP per capita #9 of 228 in life expectancy

Leadership

Head of state
Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
In office since September 15, 1973
Head of government
Ulf Kristersson
In office since October 18, 2022

Wikidata (CC0), checked August 11, 2026. Frozen Factbook mirrors still list the officeholders of January 2026.

Then and now

The CIA World Factbook stopped updating in January 2026. This is what has changed since its final edition.

Final CIA World Factbook figures of January 2026 versus current data for Sweden
IndicatorFactbook, final editionCurrentChange
Population10,643,745202510,596,6202025-0.4%
GDP (nominal)$610.12B2024$669.00B2025+9.7%
Inflation rate2.8%20240.7%2025-2.1 pp

6 facts about Sweden

  1. 01 Sweden ranks 93 of 238 in population, with 10.60 million people as of 2025.
  2. 02 Its economy produced $669.00B in 2025, or $63,133 per person.
  3. 03 It shares land borders with 2 neighbours: Finland, Norway.
  4. 04 Population has grown 19% since 2000, from 8.87 million to 10.60 million.
  5. 05 Prices sit at about 87% of United States levels (World Bank PPP data, 2025).
  6. 06 96% of the population uses the internet (2025).

Reference

Languages
Swedish
Currency
Swedish krona (SEK)
Calling code
+46
Internet TLD
.se
Demonym
Swedish
ISO codes
SE · SWE · 752

Land borders

FinlandNorway

Compare Sweden

The Factbook archive 151 fields · 13 categories

The complete World Factbook entry for Sweden: 151 fields and 261 sub-entries across 13 categories, kept whole as historical reference. A United States Government work in the public domain, reflecting data as of the final January 2026 edition; the live figures above supersede the fast-moving numbers in it. Last CIA update: January 18, 2026.

Sweden and neighbouring land. Geometry: Natural Earth (public domain).

Introduction 1 field

Background
A military power during the 17th century, Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment until it applied to join NATO in 2022. Sweden has not participated in any war for two centuries. Stockholm preserved an armed neutrality in both World Wars. Since then, Sweden has pursued a successful economic formula consisting of a capitalist system intermixed with substantial welfare elements. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum. The share of Sweden’s population born abroad increased from 11.3% in 2000 to 20% in 2022.  

Geography 18 fields

Location
Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway
Geographic coordinates
62 00 N, 15 00 E
Map references
Europe
Area
total: 450,295 sq km
land: 410,335 sq km
water: 39,960 sq km
Area - comparative
almost three times the size of Georgia; slightly larger than California
Land boundaries
total: 2,211 km
border countries: Finland 545 km; Norway 1,666 km
Coastline
3,218 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)
exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlines
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate
temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
Terrain
mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
Elevation
highest point: Kebnekaise South 2,100 m
lowest point: reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.4 m
mean elevation: 320 m
Natural resources
iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber, hydropower
Land use
agricultural land: 7.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 6.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 1.1% (2023 est.)
forest: 68.6% (2023 est.)
other: 23.8% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
510 sq km (2016)
Major lakes (area sq km)
fresh water lake(s): Vanern - 5,580 sq km; Vattern - 1,910 sq km; Malaren - 1,140 sq km
Population distribution
most of the population lives in the south where the climate is milder and there is better connectivity to mainland Europe; population clusters are found along the Baltic coast in the east; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated
Natural hazards
ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic
Geography - note
strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas; Sweden has almost 100,000 lakes, the largest of which, Vanern, is the third-largest in Europe

People and Society 33 fields

Population
total: 10,643,745 (2025 est.)
male: 5,360,755
female: 5,282,990
Nationality
noun: Swede(s)
adjective: Swedish
Ethnic groups
Swedish 79.6%, Syrian 1.9%, Iraqi 1.4%, Finnish 1.3%, other 15.8% (2022 est.)

note: data represent the population by country of birth; the indigenous Sami people are estimated to number between 20,000 and 40,000
Languages
Languages: Swedish (official)
major-language sample(s):
The World Factbook, den obestridliga källan för grundläggande information. (Swedish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Church of Sweden (Lutheran) 53.9%, other (includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist) 8.9%, none or unspecified 37.2% (2021 est.)

note: estimates reflect registered members of faith communities eligible for state funding (not all religions are state-funded and not all people who identify with a particular religion are registered members) and the Church of Sweden
Age structure
0-14 years: 17.1% (male 934,668/female 880,310)
15-64 years: 62.1% (male 3,365,754/female 3,208,248)
65 years and over: 20.8% (2024 est.) (male 1,032,279/female 1,168,576)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 60.9 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 27.3 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 33.6 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio: 3 (2025 est.)
Median age
total: 41.2 years (2025 est.)
male: 40.1 years
female: 42.1 years
Population growth rate
0.51% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
10.56 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
9.63 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
4.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
most of the population lives in the south where the climate is milder and there is better connectivity to mainland Europe; population clusters are found along the Baltic coast in the east; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated
Urbanization
urban population: 88.7% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
1.700 million STOCKHOLM (capital) (2023)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
29.7 years (2020 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
4 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 2.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
male: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 82.9 years (2024 est.)
male: 81.2 years
female: 84.7 years
Total fertility rate
1.66 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.8 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: urban: urban: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 10.7% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 19% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
4.41 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
Hospital bed density
2 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: urban: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 99.5% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.6% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 7.1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 2.6 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 3.4 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 19.9% (2025 est.)
male: 25.8% (2025 est.)
female: 13.9% (2025 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
53.6% (2023 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP): 7.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 15.3% national budget (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 19 years (2023 est.)
male: 17 years (2023 est.)
female: 20 years (2023 est.)

Environment 12 fields

Environmental issues
marine pollution (Baltic Sea and North Sea); acid rain damage to soil and lakes; air pollution; poor timber-harvesting practices
International environmental agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Climate
temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
Land use
agricultural land: 7.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 6.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 1.1% (2023 est.)
forest: 68.6% (2023 est.)
other: 23.8% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 88.7% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 43.96 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 5.324 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 36.768 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 1.868 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Methane emissions
energy: 39.6 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture: 127.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 112.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 9.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 4.618 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 39.7% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 699 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 1.267 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 102 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
174 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Geoparks
total global geoparks and regional networks: 1
global geoparks and regional networks: Platåbergens (2023)

Government 23 fields

Country name
conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden
conventional short form: Sweden
local long form: Konungariket Sverige
local short form: Sverige
etymology: name derives from the North Germanic Svea tribe that inhabited central Sweden; the tribe's name probably comes from the Old German word sweba, meaning "independent;" the local form of the country's name, Sverige, means "kingdom of the Svea"
Government type
parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Capital
name: Stockholm
geographic coordinates: 59 20 N, 18 03 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the name of the city probably comes from the Swedish words stak (bay) or stock (stake or pole) and holm (island); it was built in the mid-13th century on the site of a fishing village, so the name may refer to building over earlier foundations
Administrative divisions
21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarna, Gavleborg, Gotland, Halland, Jamtland, Jonkoping, Kalmar, Kronoberg, Norrbotten, Orebro, Ostergotland, Skane, Sodermanland, Stockholm, Uppsala, Varmland, Vasterbotten, Vasternorrland, Vastmanland, Vastra Gotaland
Legal system
civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and customary law
Constitution
history: Sweden has four fundamental laws which together make up the Constitution: The Instrument of Government (several previous; latest 1974); The Act of Succession (enacted 1810; changed in 1937 and 1980); The Freedom of the Press Act (many previous; latest in 1949); The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression (adopted 1991)
amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage requires simple majority vote in two consecutive parliamentary terms with an intervening general election; passage also requires approval by simple majority vote in a referendum if Parliament approves a motion for a referendum by one third of its members; the results of such a referendum are only binding if a majority vote against the proposal
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Sweden; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen of Sweden and the father unknown
dual citizenship recognized: no, unless the other citizenship was acquired involuntarily
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 15 September 1973)
head of government: Prime Minister Ulf KRISTERSSON (since 18 October 2022)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister
election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister
Legislative branch
legislature name: Parliament (Riksdagen)
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 349 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 9/11/2022
parties elected and seats per party: Social Democratic Party (SAP) (107); Sweden Democrats (SD) (73); Moderate Party (M) (68); Left Party (VP) (24); Centre Party (CP) (24); Christian Democrats (KD) (19); Green Party (Mpg) (18); Other (16)
percentage of women in chamber: 45%
expected date of next election: September 2026
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court of Sweden (consists of 16 justices, including the court chairman); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 18 justices, including the court president)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court justices nominated by the Judges Proposal Board, a 9-member nominating body consisting of high-level judges, prosecutors, and members of Parliament; justices appointed by the government; after a probationary period, justices' appointments are permanent
subordinate courts: first instance, appellate, general, and administrative courts; specialized courts that handle cases such as land and environment, immigration, labor, markets, and patents
Political parties
Center Party (Centerpartiet) or C 
Christian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna) or KD 
Green Party (Miljopartiet de Grona) or MP 
Left Party (Vansterpartiet) or V 
Moderate Party (Moderaterna) or M 
Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) or SD 
Swedish Social Democratic Party (Socialdemokraterna) or S/SAP 
The Liberals (Liberalerna) or L 
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Urban AHLIN (since 15 September 2023)
chancery: 2900 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 467-2600
FAX: [1] (202) 467-2699
email address and website:
[email protected]

https://www.swedenabroad.se/en/embassies/usa-washington/
consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Christine TORETTI (since 21 October 2025)
embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds Vag 31, SE-115 89 Stockholm
mailing address: 5750 Stockholm Place, Washington, DC  20521-5750
telephone: [46] (08) 783-53-00
FAX: [46] (08) 661-19-64
email address and website:
[email protected]

https://se.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNSOM, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Independence
6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king of Sweden, marking the abolishment of the Kalmar Union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden)
National holiday
National Day, 6 June (1983)

note: celebrated as Swedish Flag Day from 1916 to 1982
Flag
description: blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the cross is shifted to the left side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

meaning: the colors come from the Swedish coat of arms
National symbol(s)
three crowns, lion
National color(s)
blue, yellow
National anthem(s)
title: "Du Gamla, Du Fria" (Thou Ancient, Thou Free)
lyrics/music: Richard DYBECK/traditional
history: in use since 1893; also known as "Sang till Norden" (Song of the North); based on a Swedish folk tune; has never been officially adopted
_____
title: "Kungssangen" (Royal Song)
lyrics/music: Carl Wilhelm August Strandberg/Otto Lindblad
history: adopted 1844 as the royal anthem, but also used as the national anthem until 1893; only the first verse is sung if the monarch is present 
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 15 (13 cultural, 1 natural, 1 mixed)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Royal Domain of Drottningholm (c); Laponian Area (m); High Coast/Kvarken Archipelago (n); Birka and Hovgården (c); Hanseatic Town of Visby (c); Church Town of Gammelstad, Luleå (c); Naval Port of Karlskrona (c); Rock Carvings in Tanum (c); Engelsberg Ironworks (c); Mining Area of the Great Copper Mountain in Falun (c)

Economy 31 fields

Economic overview
high-income, largest Nordic economy; EU member but does not use the euro; export-oriented, led by automotive, electronics, machinery, and pharmaceuticals; highly ranked for competitiveness, R&D investments and governance; recovery, with falling inflation and real wage growth balanced by risks from trade uncertainty
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $668.628 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $662.18 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $662.937 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
Real GDP growth rate 2024: 1% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: -0.1% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 1.5% (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $63,300 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $62,800 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $63,200 (2022 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$610.118 billion (2024 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 2.8% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 8.5% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 8.4% (2022 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 1.1% (2024 est.)
industry: 22.6% (2024 est.)
services: 65.9% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 43.7% (2023 est.)
government consumption: 26% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 25% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories: -0.1% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services: 55.4% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services: -51.4% (2023 est.)
Agricultural products
milk, wheat, sugar beets, barley, potatoes, oats, rapeseed, pork, chicken, beef (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles
Industrial production growth rate
0.3% (2024 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
5.699 million (2024 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2024: 8.6% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 7.7% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022: 7.4% (2022 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 23.8% (2024 est.)
male: 24.3% (2024 est.)
female: 23.2% (2024 est.)
Population below poverty line
16.1% (2022 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022: 31.6 (2022 est.)
Average household expenditures
on food: 13% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 3.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 2.5% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 24.7% (2022 est.)
Remittances
Remittances 2024: 0.8% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023: 0.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 0.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
Budget
revenues: $195.468 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures: $191.095 billion (2022 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2022: 36.9% of GDP (2022 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
27.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $45.274 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $40.819 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $27.404 billion (2022 est.)
Exports
Exports 2024: $338.852 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $329.332 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $318.203 billion (2022 est.)
Exports - partners
Germany 10%, USA 10%, Denmark 8%, Norway 6%, Netherlands 5% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, paper, vehicle parts/accessories (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $309.526 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $304.194 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $304.101 billion (2022 est.)
Imports - partners
Germany 17%, Netherlands 10%, Norway 9%, Denmark 6%, China 6% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, garments (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $62.569 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $60.863 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $64.289 billion (2022 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency: Swedish kronor (SEK) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 10.568 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 10.61 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 10.114 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 8.577 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 9.21 (2020 est.)

Energy 8 fields

Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 55.307 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 125.273 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 36.151 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 7.335 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 9.109 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear: 28.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind: 21% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 40.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 7.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Nuclear energy
Number of operational nuclear reactors: 6 (2025)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 7.01GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 28.6% (2023 est.)
Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 7 (2025)
Coal
production: 1.042 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption: 3.17 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 23,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 2.078 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 5 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 11,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 270,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Natural gas
consumption: 896.109 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports: 10.625 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 897.487 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 142.102 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Communications 6 fields

Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 898,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2023 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 14.9 million (2024 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 141 (2024 est.)
Broadcast media
publicly owned TV broadcaster has 2 terrestrial networks plus regional stations; multiple privately owned TV broadcasters operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 50 local TV stations; widespread access to pan-Nordic and international broadcasters through multi-channel cable and satellite TV; publicly owned radio broadcaster has 3 national stations and a network of 25 regional channels; roughly 100 privately owned local radio stations, with some consolidating into near-national networks; an estimated 900 community and neighborhood radio stations broadcast intermittently
Internet country code
.se
Internet users
percent of population: 96% (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 4.3 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 41 (2023 est.)

Transportation 6 fields

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
SE
Airports
206 (2025)
Heliports
11 (2025)
Railways
total: 10,910 km (2020) 8,184 km electrified
narrow gauge: 65 km
Merchant marine
total: 361 (2023)
by type: general cargo 44, oil tanker 18, other 299
Ports
total ports: 92 (2024)
large: 3
medium: 10
small: 30
very small: 49
ports with oil terminals: 49
key ports: Falkenberg, Goteborg, Helsingborg, Karlsborg, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Norrkoping, Stockholm, Sundsvall, Uddevalla, Varberg, Vasteras

Military and Security 7 fields

Military and security forces
Swedish Armed Forces (Försvarsmakten): Army, Navy, Air Force, Home Guard (202)
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2025: 2.5% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024: 2.3% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.5% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 25,000 active military personnel; approximately 21,000 Home Guard  (2025)

note 1: SAF personnel are divided into continuously serving (full-time) and temporary service troops (part-timers who serve periodically and have another main employer or attend school); additional personnel have signed service agreements with the SAF and mostly serve in the Home Guard

note 2: in 2021, Sweden announced plans that increase the total size of the armed forces to about 100,000 personnel by 2030
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the SAF's inventory is comprised of mostly domestically produced armaments alongside smaller amounts of imported Western systems; Sweden's defense industry produces a range of air, land, and naval systems, including armored vehicles, combat aircraft, and submarines; it also produces weapons systems jointly with other countries (2025)
Military service age and obligation
18 years of age for voluntary and selective conscripted service for men and women; conscript service obligation typically 9-15 months depending on the branch of service and position, with a reserve commitment up to age 45 (2026)
Military deployments
approximately 600 Latvia (NATO) (2025)
Military - note
the Swedish military is responsible for deterrence and the defense of the country and its territories against armed attack, supporting Sweden’s national security interests, providing societal support, such as humanitarian aid, and contributing to international peacekeeping and peacemaking operations; the military has a relatively small active duty force that is designed to be rapidly mobilized in a crisis with a trained reserve and a Home Guard

Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment for over 200 years before applying for NATO membership in May 2022 following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine; it became a NATO member in March 2024; prior to membership, Stockholm joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and contributed to NATO-led missions, including those in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo; the military cooperates closely with the forces of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; Sweden is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) and contributes to CSDP missions and operations, including EU battlegroups; it also participates in UN-led missions; Sweden has close bilateral security relations with some individual NATO member states, particularly Finland, Germany, Norway, the UK, and the US (2025)

Space 4 fields

Space agency/agencies
Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA; established 1972; known until 2018 as the Swedish National Space Board) (2025)
Space launch site(s)
Esrange Space Center (Kiruna) (2025)
Space program overview
aims to have one of Europe's leading space programs; produces and operates satellites; builds and launches sounding rockets; involved in the research, development, production, and operations of a variety of other space-related areas, including astronomy, atmospheric monitoring, geographic information systems, infrared imaging, meteorology, propulsion systems, remote sensing, satellite subsystems, spacecraft systems and structures, research, and telecommunications; member of the ESA and program is integrated into its framework; works extensively with foreign space agencies, in particular through the ESA and EU and their member states, as well as with the US; participates in programs such as Europe's Copernicus Earth observation and the Galileo global navigation satellite system, France's Pleiades project, and the Square Kilometer Array Project; has a large commercial space industry, including state-owned enterprises (2025)
Key space-program milestones
1950s - space program initiated with the establishment of a space observatory and the Swedish Space Research Committee

1961 - launched first sounding rocket

1986 - first scientific satellite (Viking) launched on European rocket

1989 - first communications satellite (Tele-X) launched on European rocket

2006 - first astronaut into space on US Space Shuttle

2019 - established a space data lab for artificial intelligence-based analysis of imagery data

2024 - signed US-led Artemis Accords for space and lunar exploration; launched first military communications satellite (GNA-3); adopted its first defense and security space strategy

Terrorism 1 field

Terrorist group(s)
Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

Transnational Issues 1 field

Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 168,519 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 6,835 (2024 est.)

Frequently asked

What is the population of Sweden in 2025?
Sweden has a population of 10.60 million (10,596,620) according to World Bank, World Development Indicators data for 2025.
What is the capital of Sweden?
The capital of Sweden is Stockholm.
How large is the economy of Sweden?
Sweden's GDP is $669.00B (2025, World Bank, World Development Indicators), which is $63,133 per capita.
Who leads Sweden?
Head of state: Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (since September 15, 1973). Head of government: Ulf Kristersson (since October 18, 2022). Source: Wikidata, checked August 11, 2026.

Sweden